Abstract:
Extensive usage of wireless sensor networks is the reason of development of many
routing protocols. Routing in sensor networks is a challenging issue due to limited
energy, low processing capability and smaller storage area. Efficient usage of energy is a
key concern in wireless sensor networks for better performance and longer network life,
as sensor nodes work unattended and have limited battery power.
In this thesis, different routing algorithms have been discussed but the survey focus was
on geographic routing. An energy efficient and routing hole healing, location based
protocol HHEAA (Hole Healing Energy Aware Algorithm) has been presented for
wireless sensor networks for better performance in data delivery and giving longer life
time to the network by balancing the energy consumption of nodes. In HHEAA, each
node takes decision for the selection of next hop locally. This algorithm works on
location as well as energy level information. Each node knows about its own location
and its available energy level as well as the location and energy level of its neighbors.
Then forwards packet based on average energy and distance of the neighbors. It also
works well in case of formation of routing holes. Simulation was made using
OMNET++. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is energy efficient and
is better than Greedy Algorithm as it shows higher packet delivery rate and lesser
number of dead nodes. The proposed algorithm can accommodate thousands of nodes in
sensor networks and can give longer life to the network.
