Abstract:
This research examines the impact of father’s absence on child development through a
comparative qualitative analysis examining children with overseas and resident fathers. The
study address has two primary objectives: first, to ascertain the contrasting child development
and household dynamics between the two groups, and second, to analyze the influence of social
fathers versus biological fathers on children's social and emotional factors. The research
employs semi-structured interviews involving 30 household units from district Kohat, with 65
participants, including 30 mothers and 45 children. Findings reveal that non-resident families
experience limited communication with the absent father, leading to sensitive children who
hesitate to share their problems. Girls face social restrictions and limited educational
opportunities, while boys display reduced interest in academic pursuits. In contrast, resident
families demonstrate engaged fathers who actively participate in their child's life, fostering goal driven, confident, and socially adept children. The study underscores the importance of the role
of father’s emotional presence in positively shaping child development despite the challenges.
These insights offer valuable guidance for formulating interventions and policies to support
children in such circumstances.
