Nonlinear Assessment and Design of High-Rise Structures Incorporating Lightweight Materials

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and industrialization in developing countries have led to urban sprawl, creating a demand for high-rise buildings as a solution. However, the complex design, susceptibility to seismic activity, and increased cost make these structures uneconomical and undesirable. This study proposes the use of lightweight materials for nonstructural elements to reduce dead load and improve seismic performance. To achieve these objectives, an extensive review is conducted to identify the most suitable lightweight materials. The existing building is first optimized using conventional materials and then redesigned using lightweight materials. A detailed quantity takeoff is performed using Building Information Modeling (BIM). Additionally, nonlinear modeling is employed, utilizing fiber modeling and a plastic hinge approach, to investigate the behavior of the most cost-effective structure under extreme loading conditions through non-linear static pushover analysis. After optimizing the existing structure with normal weight materials, the total cost of the structure decreased by 4.11%. Following the redesign with lightweight materials, the total cost of the structure decreased by 13.39% with CLC blocks infill walls and 15.84% with EPS panels infill walls. Furthermore, it was evident that the building with EPS panels exhibited significantly superior seismic performance compared to the original building. The pushover curve analysis further validated the enhanced capacity of the lightweight panel building, as indicated by its distinct pattern. The findings of this research provide valuable insights into the development of sustainable, resilient, and economically viable housing solutions for Pakistan and other developing nations facing similar challenges of urbanization and seismic activity.