Abstract:
Traffic congestion is a significant issue that affects many urban areas worldwide. It causes several negative impacts, such as environmental pollution, economic losses, and reduced quality of life for residents. The research is based on a review of existing literature, data analysis, and case studies that have successfully implemented measures to reduce traffic congestion. The study finds that the primary causes of traffic congestion are increasing population growth, urbanization, and an increase in the number of vehicles on the roads. The implementation of Underpass/protected U-turns at junctions is an intervention in geometric road layouts that can have positive impacts on travel time, environment, and safety. This technique prioritizes through-moving traffic, allowing them to traverse without obstruction and reducing travel time. Additionally, it can decrease traffic congestion, which is beneficial for the environment by reducing vehicle emissions. However, the execution of such an unconventional layout can have implications and consequences for pedestrian safety. Obstructions to pedestrians, land acquisition issues in urban areas, and the need to provide pedestrian bridges to ensure safe crossings can increase project costs. This paper aims to highlight both the advantages and potential consequences of this arrangement in the context of travel time, environment, and safety. By considering these factors, geometric designers and traffic engineers can make informed decisions when planning and designing roads that prioritize the needs of all road users.
