Study of Microstructure and Piezoelectric Properties of Synthesized PZT by Commercially Available Precursors

Abstract

Since the discovery of ferroelectric ceramics, materials, and methods have been continuously improved, leading to a sizable number of industrial and commercial applications. Due to its superior dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric characteristics, the solid solution of Pb(Zr1-X, TiX)O3, also known as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), has received much research over the past 40 years. The compositions discovered close to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between the tetragonal and rhombohedral have the greatest piezoelectric coefficients of PZT.PbO, TiO2, and ZrO2 often interact in a solid-state process to create PZT. The majority of sources concur that the solid state reaction typically starts with the creation of a highly tetragonal lead titanate solid solution, in which the remaining PbO and ZrO2 are dissolved to form Pb(Zr1-XTiX)O3. This work focuses on the synthesis of piezoelectric material using lead from spent lead acid batteries with better dielectric constant and high piezoelectric coefficient. Used lead acid battery powder, which is more affordable than the previous precursor (Pb(C6H6O7)H2O), was used to create lead zirconate titanate ceramics with the morphological boundary phase PMP composition Pb(Zr0.52TiO0.48)O3 or PZT. The products were examined by RAMAN, FTIR, DSC, SEM and XRD, and TGA. The lead powder was calcined to produce orthorhombic β-PbO yellow in colour. Later, this β-PbO was employed to synthesise Pb(Zr0.52TiO0.48)O3 as a precursor. PZT ceramics sintered at 1200°C for 6h hours revealed a piezoelectric coefficient of d33 307(pC/N), a Qm factor of 2081.80, and a dielectric constant of 1597 at 8.5 Hz.