Abstract:
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a type of hematologic malignancy that is
distinguished by a malfunction in stem cell differentiation, which results in an
accumulation of immature cells in the bone marrow and peripheral circulation.
Individuals with AML require constant monitoring and novel treatment options; thus,
the condition is viewed as a severe problem in the health system. The International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified benzene as a category I
carcinogen since 1987. According to the findings, benzene causes acute myeloid
leukaemia (AML) and acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANL). Doxorubicin (DOX)
is a common first-line treatment for many malignancies. However, its therapeutic
efficacy is restricted by undesired side effects such as gonadotoxicity, cardiotoxicity,
and renal toxicity. The nonspecific action, poor distribution, and limited solubility of
DOX are some of its drawbacks. Ferrocenyl compounds with amide or amine moieties
were found to be anticancer in the lymphocytic leukaemia P-388. The activity of
ferrocene integrated thiourea can be seen by focussing on the DNA, topoisomerase II,
and cell membrane. They bind to DNA with great affinity via covalent or non-covalent
bonds. Intercalation, groove binding, and electrostatic forces are commonly used to
damage or break DNA. DNA damage causes cell cycle arrest, which leads to apoptosis
and irreversible damage to the cell genome. Drug-resistant cancer cells and
chemotherapeutic medicines with insufficient stability and solubility for optimal
efficacy at the target location are two major difficulties in conventional cancer
treatment. Liposomal nanoparticles were created for ferrocene-incorporated thiourea
drug (FITU), DOX, and their combination to test their activity against benzene-induced
acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in wistar rats, and their free drug activity was
compared. Before undertaking in-vivo testing, the developed nanoparticles were6
characterised and evaluated in-vitro. Liposomal nanoparticles outperformed free drug
in terms of reduced adverse effects and higher bioavailability due to tailored
distribution via liposomal nanoparticles.
