Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains isolated from Rawalpindi and Peshawar, Pakistan

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii, a bacterium classified as gram-negative, has become a significant pathogen in hospital settings worldwide. It can cause a broad spectrum of illnesses and is of particular concern because of its resistance to many antibiotics. Nevertheless, the investigation of the genetic diversity and features of A. baumannii strains in specific geographical regions, such as those obtained from Pakistan, has been rather limited. The present investigation explores the genetic composition of A. baumannii strains by means of sequencing and analyzing four genomes obtained from local sources. The research endeavors to elucidate the genomic architecture by the utilization of comprehensive techniques such as genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation. The following comparative study offers useful insights into the genetic diversity that is inherent in the A. baumannii strains collected from the surrounding area. The focus of this work is to analyze the presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance determinants encoded within the genomes under study. The initial results indicate a significant genetic diversity among the indigenous strains, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the species' capacity to adapt and endure. The clinical significance of these strains in hospital settings is underscored by the presence of genes linked to virulence factors and antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Moreover, this research provides insight into the genetic correlation between the strains collected locally and their global counterparts. The preliminary phylogenetic analysis suggests the presence of genetically different lineages that are unique to the strains found in Pakistan. This finding offers valuable information regarding the population dynamics and evolutionary patterns of A. baumannii in this geographical area. In brief, this study reveals the genomic composition of A. baumannii strains obtained from local sources, revealing their genetic variability, possible virulence attributes, and patterns of antibiotic resistance. Through the clarification of these elements, the research enhances the overall comprehension of the clinical importance of A. baumannii and its consequences for healthcare initiatives at the local level.