Abstract:
Renewable energy sources are considered eco-friendly due to its features like no or less
emission, sustainability, and economic factors. This study focuses on implementation of
renewable sources for generation of electricity. For this purpose, residential sector of
different climatic zones of Pakistan is considered. Techno-economic optimization is done
to minimize Net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and to
maximize renewable fraction (RF) as objective function. As Pakistan has diversified
climatic zones so viability of different renewables sources in different zones is evaluated.
For central region PV-BESS is considered as optimal MG configuration in addition to DG.
This is because central region has a good profile for solar irradiance. Similar is for
maximum regions of North zone regions. While for South region Wind profile is viable
mostly in coastal areas. Therefore, optimal MG configuration in most regions of South zone
is PV-WT-BESS along with DG as backup. A comparative comparison is made for base
case having just DG to fulfil load demands and proposed case having combination of PV BESS-WT along with DG. Results shows that by adding renewable energy resources not
only greenhouse gases emissions are minimized but also RF is increasing along with
minimizing of NPC and LCOE. This led us to satisfy SDG-7 and SDG-13. In proposed
case another comparison is made between combination of utilities. First configuration has
both gas and electrical utility and second has just electrical utility to fulfil load demand.
Results show that just electrical utility is more efficient and economical. Although
proposed case and electrical utility requires a high initial capital but in long term it is way
more beneficial.
