DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A PRECISION FIN ACTUATION CONTROL SYSTEM USING LEAD SCREW

Abstract

Lead screws are mechanical components that are widely used for linear motion control applications in various fields. They are commonly used in systems such as syringe pumps and pan-and-tilt systems for security cameras. However, one of the most interesting applications of lead screws is in missile technology, where they are used to drive the fin actuation that guides a missile to its target.

In missile applications, precision miniature lead screws are utilized to position the sighting mechanism that identifies and acquires the target while the missile is maneuvering at high speed. The sighting mechanism is crucial for the missile to hit its target accurately. The lead screws also provide the actuation that controls the missile fins, which guide the missile's flight. The fins serve as the missile's wings, and using lead screws to position them enables fine positioning and control, maximizing speed and minimizing drag during transonic and supersonic flight.

Lead screws are also used for raising missile-launching systems and deploying sighting, rangefinding, and antenna equipment. This helps to ensure that the missile is launched accurately, and that the necessary equipment is deployed at the right time.

In the past, hydraulic and pneumatic actuators were used for missile actuation purposes. However, precision-engineered miniature lead screws have replaced these actuators due to their high efficiency and reliability. Each lead screw assembly converts torque to thrust as the screw or nut turns to move the other component in a linear direction. The lead screw mechanism eliminates sliding friction and stick-slip, resulting in minimal maintenance requirements beyond initial lubrication. Lead screws automatically minimize the power required for missile-fin actuation due to their high efficiency. The size and weight of the fin drive transmission is also reduced, making lead screws a better option for small missiles and targeted munitions.

In conclusion, lead screws are crucial components in missile technology that enable precise positioning and control of the missile's fins, sighting mechanisms, and other equipment. Their high efficiency, reliability, and low maintenance requirements make them a superior option to traditional hydraulic and pneumatic actuators.