Implementation of Low Impact Development Techniques in Pakistan’s Built Environment

Abstract

Using urban storm-water management as a primary concern, this study explores the application of Low Impact Development (LID) strategies in Pakistan's fast-changing urban environment. Increased impermeable surfaces as a result of Pakistan's shift from rural, natural terrain to urban areas have disrupted the natural hydrological patterns which resulted lowered groundwater levels, increased surface runoff, and declining water quality. Existing traditional storm-water infrastructure has proven to be inefficient in handling stormwater in the backdrop of increased paved surfaces and climate change. LID, a novel approach in urban planning, focuses on mimicking natural hydrological processes to manage stormwater close to its source. By integrating green infrastructure, LID aims to reduce runoff, enhance groundwater recharge, and improve water quality. This study directly aligns with SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). Barriers and the enablers to the implementation to LID were identified form the literature analysis and most significant for the Pakistan’s context were shortlisted by the means of a preliminary survey. The study through qualitative analysis reveals the complex interdependencies of the barriers and enablers by means of a detailed questionnaire survey. To understand the complex relationships between the elements impacting Pakistan's urban areas' adoption of Low Impact Development (LID) Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) are used. The relationships between factors related to policy frameworks, social acceptability, technological breakthroughs, knowledge gaps, and economic viability are mapped by CLDs. This research helps to clarify the ways in which these components interact, ultimately illuminating strategies for promoting the adoption of LID. Comprehending these interrelated dynamics this study will help transform Pakistan’s urban areas to become more resilient against exacerbated stormwater challenges due to rapid urbanization and climate change.