Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem throughout the world with high morbidity and mortality. HCV has high mutation rate and is classified into six genotypes (GT). The major prevalent genotype in Pakistan is ...

Diversification patterns within the Himalayan region have been paramount to the understanding of worldwide biodiversity. Apart from recent wide scale report, a hyperdiverse genus of the temperate region under angiosperm—Carex ...

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a major sugar crop in Pakistan, cultivated on about 1.3 million hectares. Mosaic (caused by Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)) is amongst the major diseases of sugarcane in the country, a decline ...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis. More than 3% of the world population and about 6% of Pakistanis are currently living with the virus (genotype 3 most prevalent). ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitously distributed and often, nosocomial infectious agent. It is identified as one of the top three nosocomial infectious agents, causing complicated and persistent infections. It has ...

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme which is involved in the degradation of L-tryptophan through kynurennine pathway. IDO induced immunosupression can be clinically beneficial for autoimmune diseases. Primary ...

Inherited neurological disorders are a broad class of diseases caused by particular genetic factors. Few of them are monogenic in nature, while others are caused by a grouping of genetic risk alleles and environmental ...

III interferons signals through a combination of two heterodimer receptors (IFN-λRα and IL-10Rβ) and activates the anti-viral pathways like ISRE, GAS driven transcriptions or STAT independent actions. All type III IFNs ...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common multifactorial and systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of synovial fluid which leads to sever pain and progressive joints and bones destruction and even disability ...