Metal Nanoparticles Enhances Sorafenib Activity against Cancerous Cell Lines

Abstract

Globally, cancer prevalence is increasing rapidly, requiring urgent development of effective therapeutics strategies. Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and is categorized into various stages and types, each with different epidemiology. Cancer cell lines are derived from many tumor types, then cultured in vitro, and are essential for studying cancer genetic and drug testing. Sorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor drug, widely used in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma, but has limitations such as low bioavailability and solubility. This study deals with the use of bacopa monnieri for the synthesis of copper formulated and zinc formulated nano-coated drugs; and investigates their effect of on cancer cell line (MCF-7). Both nano-coated drugs were characterized by various techniques; UV-Vis spectrometry confirmed the drug absorbance at 262nm and 263nm, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of interaction between the sorafenib drug and nanoparticles, X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed their crystallinity nature, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that copper formulated nano-coated drug was stable with good coating and surface morphology and zinc formulated nano-coated drug was less stable due to irregular shape morphology, Dynamic light scattering (DSL) confirmed that copper formulated nano-coated drug size ranged from 12nm to 13nm and zinc formulated nano-coated drug size ranged from 9nm to 10nm, Zeta potential confirmed that copper formulated nano-coated drug was stable (fit values ranged between (-21mV ̶ -18mV)) and zinc formulated nano-coated drug was slightly less stable (fit values ranges -7.12mV ̶ +12.35mV). MTT assay showed that copper formulated nano-coated drug has the cell viability of 64.8% with IC50 value of 4.599µM and zinc formulated nano-coated drug has the cell viability of 68.5% with IC50 value of 34.50µM. Both nano-coated drugs exhibited less cell viability than the actual drug and are stable, thus, making them suitable for the cancer treatment.