Optimization of FDM Printing Parameters to Enhance Mechanical Properties in Z-Direction

Abstract

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a commonly used additive manufacturing process that offers new opportunities for creating complex geometries that are difficult to produce using traditional production methods. However, the use of FDM technology in practical goods is limited due to anisotropic strength concerns. This means that the strength of parts created using FDM in the build direction (Z direction) can be much lower than in the X-Y directions. The objective of this study is to specifically examine a polymer called Polycarbonate (PC). The effects of layer height, printing temperature, and printing speed on the Z-direction tensile characteristics of 3D-printed PC samples were systematically explored using Taguchi design and response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM results indicate that the thickness of the layers has the greatest impact on the bonding between interlayers during printing. The optimal tensile characteristics for 3D-printed polycarbonate (PC) parts were obtained using parts generated with a layer thickness of A = 0.1288 mm, a printing angle of B = 270 °C, and a printing speed of C = 40 mm/s. The results confirm that printing PC material with the optimal conditions significantly enhances the bonding between interlayers in the build direction. An increase of 39.23% in the tensile strength of 3D printed parts was achieved.