Abstract:
In the past decades after the start of space exploration, the aspects of survival of earthly
life in outer space conditions has become an area of interest. Astrobiology and space
biology are centered on the means of life’s existence and adaptation in conditions of the
ISS or in the imitation of near-space vacuum and Mars conditions. This study examines
Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032, which was isolated from the NASA’s spacecraft assembly
facility, and has shown exceptional resilience to the harsh conditions of space and
simulated Mars environments. The genetic modifications of B. pumilus SAFR-032
following 18 months in the Columbus Module of the International Space Station, with a
specific focus on the strain's proteomic ability to withstand the challenging nearvacuum
conditions of space was analysed. After conducting a thorough examination of the
pangenome, three specific genes, namely YtrE_1, IscS_2, and feuA, were chosen for
indepth research of their pathways, mutations, protein structures, and proteinprotein
interactions. The findings suggest notable genetic and proteomic changes in pathways
related to stress response. These modifications emphasize the B. pumilus SAFR_032
enhanced ability to absorb nutrients and changes in metabolic activity in space
circumstances. Later research should prioritize the experimental verification of these
discoveries and the investigation of hypothetical proteins in the genome that could have
significant functions in the ability of SAFR_032 strain to withstand challenges. This
research has substantial implications for future space missions, protocols to safeguard
planets, and the exploration for life beyond our planet
