Identification and Analysis of the Genetic Adaptations of Bacillus pumilus SAFR 032 Exposed under Near Vacuum Space Conditions

Abstract

In the past decades after the start of space exploration, the aspects of survival of earthly life in outer space conditions has become an area of interest. Astrobiology and space biology are centered on the means of life’s existence and adaptation in conditions of the ISS or in the imitation of near-space vacuum and Mars conditions. This study examines Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032, which was isolated from the NASA’s spacecraft assembly facility, and has shown exceptional resilience to the harsh conditions of space and simulated Mars environments. The genetic modifications of B. pumilus SAFR-032 following 18 months in the Columbus Module of the International Space Station, with a specific focus on the strain's proteomic ability to withstand the challenging nearvacuum conditions of space was analysed. After conducting a thorough examination of the pangenome, three specific genes, namely YtrE_1, IscS_2, and feuA, were chosen for indepth research of their pathways, mutations, protein structures, and proteinprotein interactions. The findings suggest notable genetic and proteomic changes in pathways related to stress response. These modifications emphasize the B. pumilus SAFR_032 enhanced ability to absorb nutrients and changes in metabolic activity in space circumstances. Later research should prioritize the experimental verification of these discoveries and the investigation of hypothetical proteins in the genome that could have significant functions in the ability of SAFR_032 strain to withstand challenges. This research has substantial implications for future space missions, protocols to safeguard planets, and the exploration for life beyond our planet