Analyzing Impact of Social Media (X Platform) on Ethnic Identity: A case study of Pashtun identity in Terrorism Affected Areas of Pakistan

Abstract

The emergence of social media has revolutionized the way ethnic identities are perceived and expressed. In this digitalized world it is important to understand how digital interactions seep into the real world. This research investigates the influence of social media, particularly the X platform, on shaping ethnic identity dynamics. The Pashtun community residing in tribal areas of Pakistan increasingly using social media platforms, particularly the X, to reflect on their identity, builds perceptions, and counter negative stereotypes. This study examines the close association of social media use in the emergence and expression of Pashtun identity in the digital age. Through the lens of the social constructivist framework, this research illustrates how online narrative buildings on social media can construct and reconstruct ethnic identities in the real world. With the help of theoretical perspectives, it illustrates the role of social interactions in shaping reality, addressing issues of marginalization, and responding to stigmatization. It documents how Pashtuns use social media platforms to express their problems, raise awareness, and challenge negative stereotypes. Additionally, this study also explores how social media platforms enable Pashtuns especially residing in terrorism affected areas to engage in public discussions and circulate critiques that may be censored in traditional media. Because the Pashtuns are often under-represented in traditional media including newspaper and broadcast media. The findings of this study underscore the profound impact of social media on ethnic identity dynamics, revealing both the opportunities and challenges faced by the members of Pashtun community in the digitalized world.