Abstract:
Wheat is among the world's most consumed staple food crops, growing in over 120 countries.
Cold, salt, drought, and heavy metals all have a substantial consequence on plant development
and agricultural productivity. Salinity has a negative influence on numerous physiological and
metabolic processes in plants. Ethylene, which is a stress hormone, can be produced in a variety
of conditions. Wheat quality is affected by a variety of factors, including composition (protein,
starch, and ash content), safety and sanitation (fungal infections, mycotoxins), physical (kernel
moisture content [MC], mass and density, size, colour and hardness) and functional. It is well
recognised that biotic and abiotic stressors can diminish crop yield and degrade wheat grain
quality. The ethylene production process is divided into two parts. S-adenosyl-L-methionine
(SAM) is first transformed to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) by ACC
synthase. The enzyme ACC-oxidase (ACO) then converts ACC to ethylene. Targeting ACO
rather than ACS or ethylene signalling components, for example, may reduce the likelihood of
interfering with other pathways because it catalyses the terminal step in the ethylene synthesis
process. Comparing the ethylene pathways and ACO genes in different wheat varieties and
comparable cereal crops could provide valuable insights on evolutionary methods and potential
breeding gene targets.
