Characterization of ACO gene under Salinity Stress in Triticum aestivum

Abstract

Wheat is among the world's most consumed staple food crops, growing in over 120 countries. Cold, salt, drought, and heavy metals all have a substantial consequence on plant development and agricultural productivity. Salinity has a negative influence on numerous physiological and metabolic processes in plants. Ethylene, which is a stress hormone, can be produced in a variety of conditions. Wheat quality is affected by a variety of factors, including composition (protein, starch, and ash content), safety and sanitation (fungal infections, mycotoxins), physical (kernel moisture content [MC], mass and density, size, colour and hardness) and functional. It is well recognised that biotic and abiotic stressors can diminish crop yield and degrade wheat grain quality. The ethylene production process is divided into two parts. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is first transformed to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) by ACC synthase. The enzyme ACC-oxidase (ACO) then converts ACC to ethylene. Targeting ACO rather than ACS or ethylene signalling components, for example, may reduce the likelihood of interfering with other pathways because it catalyses the terminal step in the ethylene synthesis process. Comparing the ethylene pathways and ACO genes in different wheat varieties and comparable cereal crops could provide valuable insights on evolutionary methods and potential breeding gene targets.