Abstract:
This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the utilization of parks among
households in Rawalpindi city, with a specific focus on comparing formal and
informal settlements. The research covers a spectrum of factors influencing park
usage such as, socio-economic dynamics, park amenities, safety perceptions, fear of
crime, and the impact of climate change. Through an extensive questionnaire
administered at four different locations in Rawalpindi, data was collected from 360
households, comprising 151 from formal and 209 from informal settlements. An indepth analysis of park characteristics was also conducted, highlighting discrepancies
in amenities provided between formal and informal settlements. Furthermore, the
study investigates park safety factors and the fear of crime, expressing the
relationship between park proximity to law enforcement facilities and residents'
perceptions of safety. Lastly, the study delves into the effects of climate change on
residential areas, underlining the difference in preparedness between formal and
informal settlements. Formal settlements are found to have better green space
coverage and receive more efficient assistance from management during disasters,
such as urban floods. Whereas, the residents of informal settlements often rely on selfprotection measures, facing challenges in accessing external support systems. Overall,
this research provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of socio-economic,
environmental, and infrastructural factors shaping park usage behavior in urban
settings, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to promote equitable access
to green spaces and enhance community well-being across diverse residential areas.
