PARK USAGE IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS OF RAWALPINDI CITY, PAKISTAN

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the utilization of parks among households in Rawalpindi city, with a specific focus on comparing formal and informal settlements. The research covers a spectrum of factors influencing park usage such as, socio-economic dynamics, park amenities, safety perceptions, fear of crime, and the impact of climate change. Through an extensive questionnaire administered at four different locations in Rawalpindi, data was collected from 360 households, comprising 151 from formal and 209 from informal settlements. An indepth analysis of park characteristics was also conducted, highlighting discrepancies in amenities provided between formal and informal settlements. Furthermore, the study investigates park safety factors and the fear of crime, expressing the relationship between park proximity to law enforcement facilities and residents' perceptions of safety. Lastly, the study delves into the effects of climate change on residential areas, underlining the difference in preparedness between formal and informal settlements. Formal settlements are found to have better green space coverage and receive more efficient assistance from management during disasters, such as urban floods. Whereas, the residents of informal settlements often rely on selfprotection measures, facing challenges in accessing external support systems. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of socio-economic, environmental, and infrastructural factors shaping park usage behavior in urban settings, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to promote equitable access to green spaces and enhance community well-being across diverse residential areas.