Mg doped ZnO NPs for biomimetic titanium Implant coatings

Abstract

Hard tissue implants are highly preferred to support, replace and enhance the activity of different parts of the body. The major problem faced by the implant is the growth of bacteria which develops biofilm which causes inflammation. The immune system recognizes it as a foreign object resulting in implant rejection. This study aimed to synthesize antimicrobial implant mimicking natural composition of bone. Bare zin oxide (ZnO) and magnesium (Mg) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by coprecipitation method and were characterized by Ultraviolet Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X- Ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential. NPs were coated on titanium disc (Ti) by biomimetic method in Stimulated Body Fluid (SBF). Discs were priorly alkaline treated with 5 M NaOH for 3 days then heat treated at 600°C for 1 hour in electric furnace. Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus. Four groups were assigned to discs on the basis of treatments and NPs. Group I discs were alkaline and heat treated followed by dipping in SBF containing bare ZnO for 7 days, group II discs were alkaline and heat treated followed by dipping in SBF containing Mg doped ZnO for 7 days, group III untreated discs were dipped in SBF for 7 days, group IV discs were alkaline and heat treated followed by dipping in SBF with Mg doped ZnO for 14 days. The surfaces were characterized using SEM. Their antibacterial activity was then evaluated. Group IV showed enhanced antibacterial activity. Therefore, Mg doped ZnO NPs coating on Ti Disc with alkaline and heat treatment is highly recommended as an hard tissue implant. This coating replicates the inherent makeup of bone and was not identified as an extraneous entity. This reduced the likelihood of rejection and showed enhanced antibacterial activity, osseointegration, and reduced processing cost.