Identification Of Potential Sites For Rainwater Harvesting For Lower Indus Basin (Sukkur – Kotri Region)

Abstract

This study offers a detailed analysis of potential rainwater harvesting sites in the Lower Indus Basin, particularly in the Sukkur-Kotri region. Using Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the research examines critical parameters like land use, rainfall, geology, slope, and groundwater changes to identify ideal locations for rainwater harvesting systems. The study covers a watershed area of 112041 sq. km and uses data from 16 meteorological stations. Out of this, 3007 sq. km were found highly suitable, and fourteen key locations were identified for further hydrologic modeling. Suitable Rainwater Harvesting Structures are proposed on these potential sites after investigation of available data. The research employs the Watershed Modeling System (WMS) and HEC-HMS to simulate hydrological scenarios, including a 100-year design storm and average annual rainfall. These simulations help design hydraulic structures and estimate potential water volumes for rainwater harvesting. The study highlights the importance of combining advanced techniques with industry expertise for effective rainwater harvesting implementation. Future recommendations include long-term monitoring, the integration of climate change projections, physical investigations on-site for hydraulic structures, socio-economic impact assessments, advanced modeling techniques, strengthening policy frameworks, and establishing pilot projects. Overall, this research provides a robust framework for improving water resource management and sustainability in arid and semi-arid regions.