Abstract:
Escalating anti-microbial resistance and multi-drug resistance, driven by the extensive use of
antibiotics to combat biofilm formation on catheters, poses a significant challenge in healthcare
and also leads to implant rejection and replacement. This study focuses on the development and
evaluation of a novel sodium styrene sulfonate-based polymer coating for silicone catheters, aimed
at enhancing hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and resistance to bacterial attachment. The polymer
coating synthesis was confirmed via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), which
revealed the successful incorporation of the monomers, evidenced by distinct sulfonate group and
styrene ring peaks. Water contact angle measurements indicated a significant increase in
hydrophilicity of the coated catheters, essential for reducing friction and improving patient comfort
during insertion and removal. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) demonstrated a smooth and
uniform coating, enhancing surface durability and preventing bacterial colonization. Energy
Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) verified the polymer deposition on catheter, showing a
composition consistent with sodium styrene sulfonate and reduced silicone presence.
Biocompatibility was established through MTT assays on NIH/3T3 cell line and hemolysis tests,
both indicating high cell survival rates and non-hemolytic properties. Anti-fouling and
bacteriostatic assays highlighted the coating’s effectiveness in significantly reducing bacterial
adhesion and biofilm formation, addressing major infection risks. Additional evaluations in
dynamic urine flow models confirmed the coated catheters' improved resistance to encrustations
and blockages, crucial for maintaining catheter functionality. In vivo clinical trials supported the
coating’s practical benefits, demonstrating enhanced patient safety and reduced infection risks.
The polymer-coated catheters showed promising results in clinical trials, indicating their potential
as a superior solution to existing catheter-related issues and offering substantial improvements in
patient care and outcomes.
