Saudi Arabia’s Modernization and de-Wahhabization Process: Impact on Saudi-Pakistan Relations

Abstract

This thesis analyses and explains the modernization and de-Wahhabization Saudi Arabia is undergoing to achieve the goals set out in Saudi Vision 2030. The thesis discusses the Saudi reform and reinvention under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman in terms of modernization theory, traditionalism, Islamism, and the way these are expected to impact Saudi foreign policy especially towards Pakistan. The Saudi state is deeply rooted in Islamic and tribal traditionalism and conservatism, and how it manages to uphold its traditions and values as it evolves into its Vision 2030 version can lead to drastic changes in Saudi behavior in the international arena. Saudi Arabia and Pakistan share a historic alliance based on Islamic attachment and reverence, defense and security deals, and economic assistance. Since initiating modernization reforms, Saudi Arabia has changed certain policies and patterns that existed before as a part of its bilateral relations with Pakistan. These changes are expected to create new avenues in the Pakistan-Saudi bilateral relationship.