Abstract:
Bones are a crucial component of the human skeletal system, providing structure support, and protection for internal organs and serving as an anchor point for muscles. There are different types of bones in the human body, each with its unique structure, characteristics, and functionality. Bones can be categorized on their tissue composition into two main categories: compact Bone and trabecular Bone. A compact wide-band monopole antenna is designed for Bone crack detection. The proposed antenna consists of a modified multi-slotted shape with a partial ground plane. The overall size of the antenna is 16 mm x25 mm and the electrical dimensions of 0.204λ × 0.16λ, where λ is the free space wavelength at 2.45 GHz. The antenna is analyzed in CST Design Studio using RT/Duroid 5880 material with a thickness of 1.5mm. The resonant frequency of the antenna is 2.45 GHz and the bandwidth is 2.236–2.728 GHz. The Gain of the antenna is 2.78 dB, and the efficiency of the antenna is 86.3%. A 3D Engineering bone model in CST Studio software is used to replicate the properties of Bone tissues (Medullar Cavity, Cortical Bone tissues, and Cancellous Bone) indicating dielectric properties. Three different bone models are used for assigning different dielectric properties. Two identical antennas are used on the top and bottom Bone Models. The presence of a crack in the bone is detected by observing the shift
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in the peak resonating frequency of the antenna. This method can detect bone fractures in a non-invasive manner. The proposed method may serve the purpose of a low-cost and non-invasive procedure for analyzing femur bone Fracture properties.
