Abstract:
Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles, are emerging as potential non-invasive
biomarkers for diagnosing neurological disorders. In this study, we explored the isolation
and characterization of blood-derived exosomes to assess their diagnostic relevance.
Blood samples were collected from two groups: a control group of individuals without
neurological disorders and a patient group diagnosed with various neurological
conditions. Plasma was extracted using differential centrifugation to remove cellular
debris, apoptotic bodies, and larger vesicles. Exosomes were isolated from the plasma
using a polymer-based precipitation method optimized with PEG-6000 to achieve high
yield and purity. The isolated exosomes were then characterized using Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) to verify their morphology and methylene blue staining to confirm
their extracellular vesicular nature. After staining, RNA was extracted from the exosomes
using TRIzol, followed by cDNA synthesis to analyze the molecular profile. Gel
electrophoresis was performed to assess the quality of the cDNA, and RT-PCR was
conducted to detect biomarkers associated with neurological disorders. These molecular
analyses provided insights into the differences between the control and diseased groups,
highlighting potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis. The results of this study promise
valuable insights into the potential properties of blood-derived exosomes in advancing
non-invasive diagnostics for neurological diseases by contributing to early detection
strategies and paving the way for improved patient care through innovative diagnostic
tools.
