NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY THREATS: THE POPULIST POLITICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTH ASIA

Abstract

In an era where global security paradigms increasingly transcend conventional military concerns, this thesis investigates the intricate interplay between non-traditional security threats, populist politics, and climate change in South Asia. Positioned as one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable regions, South Asia faces escalating environmental crises—from catastrophic floods and droughts to existential sea-level rise—that exacerbate socio-economic inequities and political instability. Simultaneously, the rise of populist leaderships, framing climate action through nationalist and anti-elitist rhetoric, complicates regional cooperation and policy efficacy. This study addresses a critical gap in scholarship by interrogating how populist narratives in South Asia shape climate discourse, policy implementation, and regional security dynamics. Through qualitative analysis, including case studies of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, the research reveals a paradox: while populism often prioritizes short-term political gains over sustainable climate strategies, it occasionally inadvertently fosters grassroots environmental initiatives rooted in local identity and sovereignty. The thesis further employs the Environmental Peacebuilding framework to explore how shared ecological challenges could transform from triggers of conflict into catalysts for regional cooperation. Key findings underscore the dual-edged nature of populism—its capacity to both obstruct multilateral climate governance and mobilize public support for localized resilience efforts. The study concludes with policy recommendations advocating for evidence-based climate strategies, enhanced regional collaboration, and civil society engagement to mitigate security risks. By bridging political theory, environmental studies, and security analysis, this research contributes a nuanced understanding of South Asia’s climate-security nexus, offering insights relevant to global regions grappling with the confluence of populism and ecological crises.