Therapeutic Efficacy of Chrysoeriol in AlCl₃-Induced Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease- Comparative Study

Abstract

Flavonoids are the most essential compounds for the establishment of next-generation therapeutic agents that are both clinically potent and effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions. Chrysoeriol, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has powerful antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological ailment marked by progressive cognitive deterioration and memory loss. Current pharmaceutical treatments, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, provide symptom alleviation but fail to halt the disease progression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of chrysoeriol to two recognized AD medicines, galantamine and memantine, in an animal model. This research was designed to assess the potential neuroprotective effects of chrysoeriol in counteracting aluminum chlorideinduced AD on BALB/c mice. Aluminum is a neurotoxin that triggers oxidative stress, leading to neurological disorders. Mice were divided into a control group, an AlCl₃-induced AD model (20 mg/kg, orally), and a treatment group injected intraperitoneally with chrysoeriol (5 mg/kg), galantamine (1.25 mg/kg) and memantine (3 mg/kg). Cognitive function was evaluated using behavioral assessments including the Morris water maze, open field, elevated plus maze test, Ymaze test, and the novel object recognition test showed improved cognitive performance. Furthermore, effective defense against AlCl₃-induced dopaminergic degeneration was provided by treatment through improving the morphological and histological features of neurons in the hippocampus and cortex. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to examine the expression of apoptosis-related genes namely (Bax and Bcl-2). The treatment of chrysoeriol exhibited comparable cognitive-improving effects of memantine and galantamine, it also demonstrated neuroprotective properties such as regulating the expression of genes included in apoptosis, mitigating oxidative stress, reducing neuronal damage, and modulating neurotransmitter levels. These results highlight the effectiveness of chrysoeriol and may offer a promising therapeutic adjunct to existing treatments.