Facial Feature Correlation between Risk of Cardiometabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: A facial sign, ordinarily, consists of color of skin, structure of bony zones, facial gesture and expressions. Shape of faces of diabetic patients was found to be rounder and less tapered along with facial asymmetry such as dropping of brow ridge and bugling of cheeks. Facial texture features can be used for detection of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). Objective: To analyze the facial type that is prone to onset of diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic syndrome. Methodology: In the first step, data was acquired from four hospitals to make sure that it is accurate, both qualitatively and quantitatively. A few specifications were considered before capturing an image such as: frontal face, a distance of 3-4 feet between the camera and the subject, white background and neutral expressions. The age group of subjects was limited from of 30 to 80 years. Secondly, data was preprocessed which includes alignment of images and segmentation of faces as the region of interest was face only. In the third step, two facial features were extracted from each image that is facial height and facial width. On the basis of facial height and width, facial index was calculated which is a product of facial height divided by byzygomatic width. Finally, each subject was classified based on their ratio. Results: There is a significant difference between diabetic group and normal group. On the basis of which it has been found that mesofacial persons have more chances of diabetes. No relationship has been driven through statistical analysis between cardiometabolic group and other two groups. So it is clear that facial type does not affect the risk of cardiometabolic syndrome. Secondary results were divided into three different groups, Diabetes Mellitus group, Cardiometabolic group and Normal group. In Diabetes Mellitus group out of 60 patients 32 were brachifacial, 14 were mesofacial and 20 were dolicofacial. In Cardiometabolic group out of 66 patients, 26 were brachifacial, 16 were mesofacial and 24 were found to be dolicofacial. Normal group had 66 subjects out of which 13 were brachifacial, 16 mesofacial and 37 were dolicofacial. Conclusion: There is strong evidence that indicates a mesofacial face type having more chances of a diabetes mellitus and no facial type is correlated for risk of cardiometabolic syndrome