Microarray and RNA-seq Analysis of RNA and miRNA Expressions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Connection between Onset and Inhibition

Abstract

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) becomes the life threatening disease around the world. There are many factors like inflammation and fibrogenic tissues in liver that leads the patient towards advanced liver fibrosis and ultimately into HCC. Hep atitis B and C viruses are the major etiological agents responsible for HCC. There is a need to explore the molecular nature of diseases at genomic level to find out potential biomarkers and differentially expressed genes that will further provides a way to move towards therapeutic targets of the diseases. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that inhibit the expression of genes. There are thousands of miRNAs that has been found in humans which are of approximately 22 nucleotides in length. Deregulation of miRNAs causing different diseases but these miRNAs may appear as good biomark ers in early diagnosis of the disease. mRNA expression profiling helps to explore the differentially expressed genes. The objective of this study is to find differentially expressed genes and potential biomarkers by using Microarray and NGS technique. We analyze different datasets of HBV and HCV induced HCC in order to find simi larities and differences between expression profiles.After identification of expression level of mRNAs and miRNAs,targets of miRNAs are also predicted.Comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes and predicted targets of miRNAs do not show any similarity but a common gene (FCN3) has been identified after comparison of mRNAs of microarray and RNA-sequencing. Comparative analysis of pathways of all data sets gives us a common pathway i.e.pathways in cancer in which most of the differentially expressed genes are enriched.A pathway is extracted on which quantitative modeling approach has applied by calculating the values of entities that are differentially expressed in our analysis.We analyze the high sensitivity level of Survivin (BIRC5),mTOR and AkT and these genes are also up-regulated. So,they can be used as important therapeutic targets of HCC.