Abstract:
The increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly packaging materials has driven extensive research in the field of biodegradable films for food packaging applications. This thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into the development and characterization of biodegradable food packaging films utilizing a blend of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC), Zinc Oxide (ZnO), and Whitlockite. The primary objective of this study was to develop a packaging material that not only offers superior mechanical properties and barrier performance but also exhibits enhanced antimicrobial activity and biodegradability. The thesis systematically explores the influence of varying compositions and processing parameters on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the resulting films. To achieve this, PVA was selected as the matrix material due to its excellent film-forming characteristics and biodegradability. The addition of CNC was aimed at improving the tensile strength by 22% and water vapor barrier properties of the films. ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated to enhance the antimicrobial activity and tensile strength up to 32% also ZnO act as a nano fertilizer which produces fertility when degrades, while Whitlockite decreases mechanical strength to 8%.It is a naturally derived substance known for its biodegradability, was used as a compatibilizer to enhance the overall film performance. The thesis presents a detailed investigation of the film fabrication process, including casting, drying, and crosslinking techniques. The resulting films were characterized using various analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Xray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Mechanical Testing. Additionally, the antimicrobial efficacy, water vapor transmission rate, and biodegradability of the films were evaluated.
