Critical Success Factors Effecting Modular Construction Implementation for Building Projects in Pakistan – Structural Equation Based Model

Abstract

Modular construction (MC) is increasingly recognized as an eco-friendly and sustainable building method. It's essential for evaluating a project's sustainability. MC involves fabricating modules in a factory and then assembling them on-site. While MC is wellestablished in developed nations, its implementation remains limited in developing countries. This study aims to establish a model that promotes MC implementation in developing countries for housing projects by examining the link between Critical Success Factors (CSFs), their enablers, and Modular Construction Implementation (MCI). The goal is to unlock the benefits of MC in these settings. This objective is achieved through three key phases. The initial phase, an exploratory phase, identifies MC's CSFs, enablers, and benefits through an extensive literature review. The second phase, a descriptiveexplanatory phase, employs a questionnaire survey approach to assess the importance of these CSFs and their enablers. This survey was conducted among construction experts in Pakistan's building industry. The third phase, a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) phase using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method, tests the relationships between the CSFs and MCI via measurement and structural models. The study's findings reveal that CSFs have a significant impact on MCI, accounting for 65.1% of the variance, indicating a moderate effect. The study's contribution lies in providing policymakers and other stakeholders with insights into implementing MC in developing countries, including Pakistan. It underscores the potential benefits of MCI in current and future projects and the support required to realize these advantages.