Abstract:
This research explored the cognitive implications of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) among women in Pakistan. Using a Google Form for
initial data collection, participants were categorized into Control, PMS, and PMDD groups based
on their responses. Cognitive performance was gauged using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment
(MoCA), administered during two distinct menstrual phases: luteal and follicular.
Key findings revealed pronounced cognitive differences across these phases, with the most
significant disparities observed in the PMDD group, suggesting a gradient effect where PMDD
individuals exhibited the most considerable cognitive shifts. Specific symptoms of PMS and
PMDD, such as anger or irritability, showed correlations with particular cognitive items, indicating
that these conditions might influence different cognitive domains in diverse ways. The study's
overarching results highlighted a significant divergence in cognitive functioning during the luteal
phase, a time historically linked with heightened symptomology in women with PMS and PMDD.
Notably, specific cognitive functions, especially language and abstraction, showed significant
improvement during the follicular phase across all groups – a novel finding not assessed in earlier
studies.
However, the research had its limitations, including a limited sample size, the non-random nature
of the sampling method, and potential issues with the tools used for assessments. Despite these
constraints, the study provides a foundation for future research, emphasizing the need for a deeper
understanding of the neural mechanisms influenced by menstrual phases and offering insights to
better support affected women.
