Comparison between Pre and Post Menstruation Cognitive Functioning in Women with PMDD, PMS and Controls

Abstract

This research explored the cognitive implications of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) among women in Pakistan. Using a Google Form for initial data collection, participants were categorized into Control, PMS, and PMDD groups based on their responses. Cognitive performance was gauged using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), administered during two distinct menstrual phases: luteal and follicular. Key findings revealed pronounced cognitive differences across these phases, with the most significant disparities observed in the PMDD group, suggesting a gradient effect where PMDD individuals exhibited the most considerable cognitive shifts. Specific symptoms of PMS and PMDD, such as anger or irritability, showed correlations with particular cognitive items, indicating that these conditions might influence different cognitive domains in diverse ways. The study's overarching results highlighted a significant divergence in cognitive functioning during the luteal phase, a time historically linked with heightened symptomology in women with PMS and PMDD. Notably, specific cognitive functions, especially language and abstraction, showed significant improvement during the follicular phase across all groups – a novel finding not assessed in earlier studies. However, the research had its limitations, including a limited sample size, the non-random nature of the sampling method, and potential issues with the tools used for assessments. Despite these constraints, the study provides a foundation for future research, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms influenced by menstrual phases and offering insights to better support affected women.