Transportation has significant and long lasting economic, social and environmental impacts, and is an important dimension of urban sustainability. Any university working towards sustainability must deal with the issue of ...

The construction sector in Pakistan is exceptionally risk-inclined, with flexible and dynamic project conditions. Risks essentially influence execution to the extent of project finances, time division and quality. With ...

The success of construction industry is largely dependent upon both the technical and managerial skills of the civil engineering graduates. After a review of published literature, it can be concluded that not much research ...

Global warming has many contributors, with majority of stakes coming from human activities. Almost 50% of the energy produced in US is consumed by construction industry and building operations. Colossal consumption of ...

Labor results in about 50 to 60 percent of the total cost in any construction project and thus is an important factor to be considered in any construction. Labor productivity refers to the amount of work done by labor per ...

Estimation, the process of approximate the cost of all the activities in a project which exhibit the total cost of the project, and Scheduling, which is the break-down of total time allocated to project into different ...

Quality of construction project is mainly depended on quality of construction materials and the workmanship. The quality of building project depends on the quality of materials used in it. Two things are of great importance ...

In structural engineering, the design is vetted to confirm that the parameters used are in accordance with the applicable codes. This code compliance checking process is done manually which leads to delays and errors in ...

Delays are an integral part of construction projects. In case of delays caused by reasons that are not in the control of the contractor, the contractor is entitled to Extension of Time (EOT) after the approval by the ...