Breast cancer exhibits heterogeneity, comprising distinct histological, clinical, and molecular subtypes. ESR1 gene, is expressed in about 70% of breast cancer cases. In all phases of the disease, endocrine therapy is ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prominent contributor to mortality associated with liver diseases on a global scale. Hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the necessity for liver transplantation ...

Depression is a complex and heterogenous mental health condition which affects the overall well-being of an individual by influencing thoughts, emotions, sleep, behavior, and physical health. Reports from the world ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, notably impacting learning and memory abilities. Currently, there is no treatment available that can prevent disease ...

Leukemia refers to the cancer of white blood cells in which aberrant proliferation of immature blasts is seen due to the differentiation blockage. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common acute leukemia, is characterized ...

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in man. In Pakistan annual mortality rate of prostate cancer is estimated at 0.9/100,000 people and rising rapidly. Many molecular mechanisms involved in onset and progression ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by significant neuronal loss and cognitive impairment. Besides the availability of various drugs for AD, still an effective treatment is ...

Breast cancer continues to pose a significant health challenge with an escalating incidence worldwide. Effective drug delivery mechanisms are pivotal for successful breast cancer treatment, with nanotechnology pioneering ...

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted epitheliotropic virus that infects the anogenital tract. High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes significantly increase risk of cervical, anal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile ...

According to UNAIDS 38.4 million individuals infected with HIV all over the globe in 2021 and worldwide AIDS epidemic is still growing. As a result, Pakistan, which has one of Asia's highest HIV prevalence estimates, ...